Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Essentials. Design, implement, and support complex Oracle 11g RAC environments for real world deployments (

Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Essentials. Design, implement, and support complex Oracle 11g RAC environments for real world deployments ( - Opis

Oracle RAC or Real Application Clusters is a grid computing solution that allows multiple nodes (servers) in a clustered system to mount and open a single database that resides on shared disk storage. Should a single system (node) fail, the database service will still be available on the remaining nodes. Oracle RAC is an integral part of the Oracle database setup. You have one database with multiple users accessing it, in real time. This book will enable DBAs to get their finger on the pulse of the Oracle 11g RAC environment quickly and easily.This book will cover all areas of the Oracle RAC environment and is indispensable if you are an Oracle DBA who is charged with configuring and implementing Oracle11g R1, with bonus R2 information included. This book presents a complete method for the configuration, installation, and design of Oracle 11g RAC, ultimately enabling rapid administration of Oracle 11g RAC environments.This practical handbook documents how to administer a complex Oracle 11g RAC environment. Packed with real world examples, expert tips and troubleshooting advice, the book begins by introducing the concept of Oracle RAC and High Availability. It then dives deep into the world of RAC configuration, installation and design, enabling you to support complex RAC environments for real world deployments. Chapters cover Oracle RAC and High Availability, Oracle 11g RAC Architecture, Oracle 11g RAC Installation, Automatic Storage Management, Troubleshooting, Workload Management and much more.By following the practical examples in this book, you will learn every (...) więcej concept of the RAC environment and how to successfully support complex Oracle 11g R1 and R2 RAC environments for various deployments within real world situations.This book is the updated release of our previous Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Handbook. If you already own a copy of that Handbook, there is no need to upgrade to this book. Spis treści:
Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Essentials
Table of Contents
Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Essentials
Credits
About the Authors
About the Reviewers
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Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code for this book
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. High Availability
High availability concepts
Planned versus unplanned downtime
Service Level Agreements for high availability
High availability interpretations
Recovery time and high availability
System design for high availability
Business Continuity and high availability
Disaster Recovery
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery guidelines
Fault-tolerant systems and high availability
Requirements for implementing fault tolerance
Fault tolerance and replication
High availability solutions for Oracle
Oracle Data Guard
Oracle Streams
Oracle Application Server Clustering
High availability: Oracle 11g R1 Real Application Clusters (RAC)
High availability: Oracle 11g R2 Real Application Clusters (RAC)
Summary
2. Oracle 11g RAC Architecture
Oracle 11g RAC architecture
Certification matrix for Oracle 11g RAC architecture
Hardware architecture for Oracle 11g RAC
Server configurations for Oracle 11g RAC
CPU processors
Choosing between 32-bit and 64-bit CPU architectures
Dual core and multicore processors
Network architecture for Oracle 11g RAC
The private network and the Oracle 11g RAC interconnect
Choices for private interconnect and 11g RAC
Ethernet choices for 11g RAC interconnect
Alternatives to Gigabit Ethernet for the interconnect (Infiniband)
Interconnect choices for 11g RAChow to decide?
Redundancy for Ethernet interconnects with 11g RAC
Network bonding (NIC teaming)
Storage architecture for Oracle 11g RAC
RAID configurations for Oracle 11g RAC
RAID 0 (striping)
RAID 1 (mirroring)
RAID 5 (striped with parity)
RAID 10 (striped mirrors)
Differences between RAID 10 and RAID 0+1
Third-party RAID implementations
IBM AIX LPAR disk volume management for RAID
Linux volume management for RAID configuration
Storage protocols for RAC
SCSI
Fibre Channel
Point-to-Point (FC-P2P)
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)
Fibre Channel Switched Fabric (FC-SW)
Which Fibre Channel topology is best?
Fibre Channel Ports
Fibre Channel Generic Node Ports
iSCSI
Which storage protocol is best for RAC?
Asynchronous I/O versus Direct I/O for Oracle 11g RAC
Oracle 11g RAC components
Voting Disk
Oracle Cluster Registry
Oracle 11g R1 RAC background processes
ACMS Atomic Controlfile to Memory Service
GTX0-j Global Transaction Process
LMON Global Enqueue Service Monitor
LMD Global Enqueue Service Daemon
LMS Global Cache Service Process
LCK0 Instance Enqueue Process
RMSn Oracle RAC Management Processes
RSMN Remote Slave Monitor
Oracle 11g R2 RAC background processes
Grid Plug and Play
Grid Interprocess Communication
Multicast Domain Name Service
Oracle Grid Naming Service
How RAC differs from Oracle 11g single-instance implementations
New ASM features and RAC
New SYSASM privilege for Oracle 11g R1 ASM
Oracle 11g R2 ASM features
OCR and Voting Disk stored in ASM
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster Filesystem (Oracle ACFS)
New Oracle 11g ASM Disk Group compatibility features
Summary
3. Clusterware Installation
Preparing for a cluster installation
Server (node) requirements
Network requirements
Kernel parameters
Operating system packages
OS groups and users
OS user settings
Configuring Secure Shell (SSH)
Verifying prerequisites with the CLUVFY utility
Oracle 11g R1 Clusterware installation
Initiating Oracle Universal Installer for Oracle 11g R1 Clusterware
What happens when orainstRoot.sh and root.sh is run?
Oracle 11g R1 Clusterware post-installation checks
Installing Oracle 11g R1 RAC software
Initiating Oracle Universal Installer for Oracle 11g R1 RAC software
Post-installation tasks
Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware installation
Initiating Oracle Universal Installer for 11g R2 Clusterware
What happens when the root.sh is run?
Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware post-installation checks
Installing Oracle 11g R2 RAC software
Initiating Oracle Universal Installer for Oracle 11g R2 RAC software
Post-installation tasks
Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware new features highlights
Removing/Reconfiguring a Grid Infrastructure configuration
Removing a successful Grid Infrastructure configuration
Reconfiguring a failed Grid Infrastructure configuration
Summary
4. Automatic Storage Management
Overview of Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Filesystem versus ASM storage architecture
ASM disk
ASM disk group
ASM instance configuration and management
ASM initialization parameters
Creating an ASM instance
Initializing DBCA
ASM background processes
ASM dynamic views
V$ASM_DISK
V$ASM_DISKGROUP
V$ASM_OPERATION
V$ASM_DISK_STAT
V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT
V$ASM_CLIENT
ASM instance startup/shutdown
ASM disk group administration
Creating a disk group
Altering a disk group
Dropping a disk group
Overview of ASMCMD
ASMCMD in action
ASM 11g R1 new features
ASM fast mirror resync
ASM preferred mirror read
ASM fast rebalance
ASM disk group compatibility attributes
ASM performance enhancements
New SYSASM role
ASM 11g R2 new features
Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (ASMCA)
Initiating ASMCA
Configuring a new ASM instance
Managing an ASM instance
Managing an ASM disk group
Creating an ASM disk group
Creating an ASM disk group in silent mode
Automatic Storage Management Dynamic Volume Manager (ADVM)
ADVM volume trivia
Creating ASM volumes
Creating an ASM volume with ASMCA
Creating an ASM Volume with ASMCMD
Creating an ASM volume with the ALTER DISKGROUP SQL statement
Querying V$ASM views to obtain information about ASM volumes
Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (ACFS)
Using ACFS as Oracle database home
Oracle ACFS drivers
Prerequisites for creating ACFS
ACFS creation methods
Creating an ACFS filesystem using ASMCA
Creating ACFS for Oracle Binaries with ASMCA
Creating an ACFS filesystem with ASMCMD
ACFS mount registry
Managing ACFS
Acfsutil utility
ASM new background processes to support ACFS
Volume Driver Background (VDBG)
Volume Background process (VBGn)
ACFS Background process (ACFS)
Volume Membership Background processes (VMB0)
Querying V$ASM views to obtain information about ACFS
ACFS snapshots
Creating a snapshot
Removing a snapshot
ASM Intelligent Data Placement (IDP)
Managing IDP settings
Finding IDP setting information
ASMCMD enhancements
ASM backup strategies
md_backup and md_restore commands
Summary
5. Managing and Troubleshooting Oracle 11g Clusterware
Oracle 11g RAC Clusterware administration
About Oracle Clusterware
Oracle 11g Clusterware concepts
Oracle Cluster Registry
Voting disk
Initialization and shutdown scripts for Clusterware
Oracle 11g Clusterware background processes
Cluster Ready Services Daemon
Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services Daemon
Cluster Synchronization Services Daemon
Event Monitor Daemon
Additional background processes for Oracle 11g Clusterware
Oracle Clusterware Process Monitor Daemon OPROCD
OCLSVMON
OCLSOMON
DISKMON
OCLSKD
RACG
Fatal Clusterware processes and Oracle 11g RAC
Managing Oracle 11g Clusterware utilities
CRSCTL
CRS_STAT
OCRCHECK
OCRCONFIG
CLSCFG
CLUVFY
Troubleshooting Oracle 11g Clusterware
Failed, missing, or offline 11g Clusterware resources
Offline Clusterware resources for Oracle 11g RAC
Problems with the Voting disk and OCR
Vote disk issues with 11g Clusterware resources
Failed or corrupted Vote Disks
Failed or corrupted OCR
How to recover the OCR from backup
Steps to perform recovery of lost and/or corrupted OCR
Check status 11g RAC Clusterware
Root cause analysis 11g RAC
Oracle 11g Clusterware log file analysis
Oracle 11g RAC node reboot issues
Oracle 11g RAC Clusterware processesnode reboot issues
Oracle Process Daemon
OCLSOMON
Root cause analysis for solving node reboots with 11g RAC
Oracle 11g RAC log files for troubleshooting
OCSSD Reboots and 11g RAC
OPROCD failure and node reboots
OCLSOMON-RAC node reboot
Hardware, storage, and network problems with RAC
Hardware, storage, and network resolutions
New features in Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware
Oracle Real Application Clusters one node (Oracle RAC one node)
Improved Oracle Clusterware resource modeling
Policy-based cluster and capacity management
Cluster time synchronization service
Oracle Cluster Registry and voting disks within Oracle ASM
New features for upgrading to Oracle 11g Clusterware
Oracle 11g R2 Cluster Verification Utility new features
Zero downtime patching for Oracle Clusterware
Summary
6. RAC Database Administration and Workload Management
RAC database configuration and creation
Creating a database using DBCA
Choosing database storage options
We have created a database using DBCAnow what?
Whats new in Oracle 11g R1 and R2 databases?
Automatic Memory Management
New AMM dynamic performance V$ views
Tuning AMM
Special considerations on Linux
/dev/shm sizing issues
Database Smart Flash Cache
Configuring Smart Flash Cache
Instance caging
New background processes in Oracle 11g
Finding the alert.log file location in Oracle 11g
Automatic Diagnostic Repository
Managing ADR using the Automatic Diagnostic Repository Command Interface tool
V$DIAG_INFO view
RAC database administration
Using the Server Control Utility
Automatic Workload Management
Overview of services
Creating and managing services
Creating services with the SRVCTL utility
SRVCTL ADD SERVICE syntax and options
Configuring a TNS entry with a service
DBMS_SERVICE PL/SQL package
Database internal default services
Service performance views
Services' characteristics
What's new in Oracle 11g services' behavior?
Scalability (Load Balancing)
Client Side Connect Time Load Balance
Configuring Client Side Connect Time Load Balancing
Server Side Listener Connection Load Balance
Configuring Server Side Listener Connection Load Balancing
Transparent Application Failover
Configuring Transparent Application Failover
FAILOVER_MODE parameters
Fast Connection Failover
Configuring Fast Connection Failover
Configuring Fast Connection Failover in the client environment
Summary
7. Backup and Recovery
An overview of backup and recovery
An overview of Recovery Manager (RMAN)
RMAN architecture
RMAN performance tuning tips
Backup types and methods
Logical backup
Physical backup
ONLINE RMAN backups
OFFLINE RMAN backups
RMAN new features in 11g R1 and 11g R2
Database Recovery Advisor
Multisection backups for very large datafiles
Undo tablespace backup optimization
Faster backup compression
Active database duplication
Active database duplication enhancements
Archivelog deletion policy enhancements
Automatic Block Recovery (ABR)
Tablespace point-in-time recovery enhancements
RMAN best practices for RAC
Configuring the Flash Recovery Area for a RAC database
Instance recovery versus Crash recovery in RAC
Parallelism for backup and recovery in RAC
Backing up a RAC database with RMAN
Configuring multiple channels
OCR and Voting disk backup and recovery strategies
Adding a Mirror location for the OCR and Voting disk
OCR automatic backups
Performing OCR manual backups
Voting disk manual backups
Restoring OCR
Restoring the Voting disk
Summary
8. Performance Tuning
Tuning differences: single instance versus RAC
Oracle 11g single instance database
Oracle RAC 11g database
New Oracle 11g performance tuning features
Database Replay
SQL Performance Analyzer
Database Health Monitor
PL/SQL Native Compilation
Server Result Cache
Client Side Result Cache
SQL Tuning Advisor
New performance features in Oracle 11gR2
In-Memory Parallel Execution
Analyzing the Cache Fusion impact on RAC performance
Cache Fusion
Latency statistics
RAC wait events
Monitoring RAC cluster interconnect performance
Oracle cluster interconnects
Monitoring RAC wait events
Summary
9. Oracle 11g Clusterware Upgrade
Overview of an upgrade
Upgrade sequence
Upgrading Oracle 10g R2 Clusterware to Oracle 11g R1
Kernel parameter values
Packages required on Linux 5
Oracle 11g R1 Clusterware upgrade steps
Performing preinstallation checks with cluvfy
Executing runInstaller.sh script
Post-upgrade steps for 11g R1 Clusterware
Upgrading to Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware
Overview of our environment
Upgrading nodes
11g R2 upgrade changes and restrictions
Kernel parameter values
Packages required on Linux 5
Performing preinstallation checks with cluvfy
Oracle 11g R2 Clusterware upgrade steps
Executing the runInstaller.sh script
Post-upgrade checks for 11g R2 Clusterware
Post-upgrade steps for 11g R2 Clusterware
Downgrading Oracle Clusterware after an upgrade
Summary
10. Real-world Scenarios
Adding a new node to an existing cluster
Performing prechecks with the cluvfy utility
addNode.sh
Adding a node in silent mode in Oracle 11g R2
Post-installation status checks for Clusterware
OCR file manual backup syntax
Voting Disk backup syntax
Installing ASM and RDBMS software using addNode.sh script
Cloning ASM software using addNode.sh script on Oracle 11g R1
Post-node addition steps
Removing a node from the cluster
Adding an RAC database instance
Adding a new instance using DBCA
We have added an instancewhat next?
Verifying new instance status
Using DBCA in silent mode to add an instance
Post-add instance steps
Deleting an RAC database instance
Using DBCA in silent mode to delete an instance
Converting a single-instance database to an RAC database
Overview of RCONFIG command-line tool
What you need to accomplish the conversion task
Sample of a modified ConvertToRAC.xml input file
How to test a conversion without actually performing the conversion
Converting a single-instance database to an RAC database
How to resume a failed rconfig operation
Checking log files
How to optimize rconfig to run faster
Post-conversion steps
Relocating an RAC database and instances across nodes
Relocating the instance
Adding the instance example
Workaround when a database and instance are configured on the same node
Adding the database example
Post-relocation steps
Summary
11. Enabling RAC for EBS
EBS architecture
Oracle 11g RAC suitability
Installing EBS 12.1.1
EBS implementation on Oracle 11g RAC
RAC-enabling EBS 12.1.1
Configuration prerequisites
ASM and RAC-enabling the EBS database with the rconfig utility
Running AutoConfig
Copying AutoConfig to the new RDBMS ORACLE_HOME for Oracle 11g R1 11.1.0.7
Generating your database context file
Preparing for AutoConfig by completing the following AutoConfig steps
Generating and applying AutoConfig configuration files
Executing AutoConfig on all database nodes in the cluster
Performing Init file, tnsnames, and listener file activities
Establishing applications environment for Oracle RAC
Setting up load balancing
Configuring Parallel Concurrent Processing
Prerequisites for setting up Parallel Concurrent Processing
Cloning EBS concepts in brief
Preparing the source system
Copying the source system
Configuring the target system
Adding a new node to an existing EBS system
Setting up Parallel Concurrent Processing
Setting up Transaction Managers
Setting up load balancing on concurrent processing nodes
Summary
12. Maximum Availability
Oracle 11g Streams for RAC
Oracle 11g Streams architecture for RAC
Capture
Staging
Propagation
Consumption
Default apply
User-defined function apply
Explicit de-queue
Understanding Oracle Streams rules
Transformations and Streams
Capture and Apply processes in an RAC instance
Streams in the RAC environment
New features in Oracle 11g Streams
Synchronous Capture
Splitting and merging of a Stream Destination
Tracking LCRs through a Stream
Streams Topology and Performance Advisor
Combined Capture and Apply
Best practices for Streams in an RAC environment
Additional configuration of RAC environments for a Source Database
Queue ownership
Propagation restart
Changing the GLOBAL_NAME of the source database
Additional configuration for RAC environments for the Apply Database
Changing the GLOBAL_NAME of the Target Database
New features for Streams in Oracle 11g R2
XStream
Statement DML Handlers
Ability to record table changes
SQL generation
Support for compressed tables
Support for SecureFile LOBs
Automatic splitting and merging
New Apply process parameter
Monitoring jobs
New 11g R2 Oracle Streams view
Oracle 11g Data Guard and RAC
New features for Oracle 11g Data Guard
Active Data Guard
Snapshot Standby
Configuring Data Guard Physical Standby for 11g RAC
Configuring Oracle RAC primary database to send redo data
Design considerations in an Oracle RAC environment
Format for archived redo log filenames
Switchover considerations for 11g RAC and Data Guard
Troubleshooting Oracle 11g Data Guard and RAC
Switchover fails in an Oracle 11g RAC configuration
How to recover from corrupt datafile on standby
How to recover from a corrupt block on standby
Automatic repairing of corrupt data blocks
New features for Data Guard in Oracle 11g R2
New Oracle Data Guard 11g R2 features for Redo Apply
New Oracle 11g R2 Data Guard features for SQL Apply
Summary
A. Additional Resources and Tools for the Oracle RAC Professional
Sample configurations
Reviewing and resolving manual configuration changes
adchkcfg utility
Oracle RAC commands and tips
Cluster deconfig tool for Oracle RAC
Using the cluster deconfig tool
Limitations of the cluster deconfig tool
Problems and limitations of the cluster deconfig tool
Starting the cluster deconfig tool
Silent mode operations using cluster deconfig
Manual cleanup for RAC
Repairing the RAC environment without reinstalling
Reinitializing OCR and Voting Disks without reinstalling RAC
Using ROOTDELETE.SH in debug mode
Using rootdeinstall.sh
Reinstalling CRS on the same cluster in another CRS_HOME
Stopping CRS processes
Reinstalling CRS on same cluster in another CRS_HOME
Oracle 11g R2 cluster removal tools for RAC
Tracing RAC issues with Oradebug
Using Oradebug to trace Oracle 11g Clusterware
Server Control Utility
Oracle 11g R2 SRVCTL commands
Managing Oracle Clusterware with the CRSCTL utility
Differences between 11g R1 and 11g R2 syntax for CRSCTL
CRS_STAT
The kernel file OSM discovery tool
Operating system-level commands for tuning and diagnosis
Strace
Truss
GDB
Additional references and tips
Clusterware startup sequence for Oracle 11g R2
Log file locations for Oracle 11g RAC and ASM
Index mniej